Health & Wellness

Common Health Concerns

German Shepherds are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and versatility, making them one of the most beloved dog breeds worldwide. These remarkable dogs are often seen working alongside police officers, assisting the visually impaired, or simply being cherished family pets.

However, like many breeds, German Shepherds are susceptible to certain health issues. While this may sound concerning, understanding the risks and taking proactive steps can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life and longevity.

Continue reading to learn how to keep our furry friends healthy and thriving!

Bloat: Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus

Bloat, medically known as Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), is one of the most dangerous conditions affecting dogs—second only to cancer in terms of fatalities. Unfortunately, many dog owners are unaware of its severity. Large, deep-chested breeds, such as German Shepherds, Great Danes, and Dobermans, face an especially high risk.

When bloat occurs, the stomach fills with air, fluid, or foam and can twist on itself, cutting off blood flow and trapping contents inside. This leads to rapid shock, organ damage, and, if untreated, death—sometimes within an hour. Immediate veterinary care is essential. If you suspect bloat, call your vet and head to the clinic without delay. Acting quickly can save your dog’s life.

Why It Happens
Bloat often begins with excessive air intake, though food and liquid may also contribute. As the stomach expands and rotates, it blocks major blood vessels, causing a dangerous drop in blood pressure and systemic failure.

Be Prepared
Know the signs and have an emergency plan. If your regular veterinarian doesn’t offer 24-hour care, identify a nearby emergency clinic and keep their number handy. Products containing simethicone (such as Gas-X or Mylanta Gas) may help slow gas buildup temporarily, buying precious time on the way to the vet.

Bloat is a life-threatening emergency. Understanding its symptoms, prevention strategies, and the need for immediate treatment can significantly reduce the risk of fatality.

This information is intended for educational purposes and should never replace professional veterinary advice.

Symptoms​

  • Repeated, unsuccessful attempts to vomit (every 5–30 minutes); may produce only foam or mucus and can sound like coughing.
  • Behavior changes – acting unusually, appearing distressed; may ask to go outside at odd times (e.g., middle of the night).
  • Severe anxiety and restlessness, often with a hunched or “roached” posture.
  • Swollen, tight abdomen (feels like a drum when tapped).
  • Pale or discolored gums.
  • Unproductive gagging or coughing, heavy drooling or salivation.
  • Foamy mucus around lips or vomiting foam.
  • Straining to defecate without success.
  • Signs of pain or discomfort – looking at their side, whining, pacing, licking the air, or hiding.
  • Refusal to sit or lie down; may stand with legs spread apart.
  • Odd postures – curled up tightly or in a “praying” position (front legs down, rear up).
  • Eating non-food items like small stones or twigs.
  • Breathing changes – rapid panting or shallow breaths.
  • Weakness or collapse, inability to stand, or standing spread-legged.
  • Elevated heart rate, which worsens as the condition progresses.

Causes

  • Exercising heavily before or right after eating.
  • Stress triggers – vet visits,  boarding, new pets, or changes in routine.
  • Air gulping activities – behaviors that cause excessive swallowing of air.
  • Eating habits:
    • Rapid eating
    • Elevated food bowls
    • Dry foods with citric acid (especially if moistened)
    • Dry foods with fat listed among the first four ingredients
  • Low pancreatic enzyme levels (e.g., Trypsin found in meat).
  • Diluted gastric juices – drinking too much water before or after meals.
  • Gas-producing foods – soybean products, brewer’s yeast, alfalfa.
  • Excessive water intake – drinking large amounts too quickly.
  • Genetic predisposition – having a close relative who has bloated.
  • Physical build – deep, narrow chest compared to other dogs of the same breed.
  • Higher risk groups:
    • Older dogs
    • Large breeds
    • Males
    • Underweight dogs
    • Dogs with anxious or fearful temperaments
    • Dogs prone to stress or aggression toward other dogs or people

Prevention​

  • Feed multiple meals (2–3 times daily) instead of one large meal.
  • Discourage rapid eating; use slow-feeder bowls if needed.
  • Avoid stressful situations when possible; monitor closely if stress is unavoidable.
  • Do not use elevated food bowls.
  • Restrict exercise for at least an hour before and after meals; avoid vigorous activity or rolling over after eating.
  • Limit water intake for one hour before and after meals to prevent dilution of gastric juices.
  • Keep simethicone products on hand (e.g., Gas-X, Mylanta Gas, Phazyme) for gas relief; some recommend giving it if your dog burps repeatedly or shows gas symptoms.
  • Provide fresh water at all other times.
  • Create a calm, stress-free mealtime environment.
  • Switch foods gradually over several weeks.
  • Feed a high-protein diet (over 30%) and ensure high-quality ingredients.
  • Avoid dry foods with citric acid or fat listed among the first four ingredients; whole, raw, unprocessed foods are ideal.
  • Avoid certain ingredients – brewer’s yeast, alfalfa, soybean products.
  • Support gut health with probiotics (especially after antibiotics).
  • Prevent excessive, rapid drinking, especially on hot days.

Hip Dysplasia

One of the most well-known issues in German Shepherds is hip dysplasia, a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit properly into the hip socket. The increased frequency of hip dysplasia in the breed comes from the gradual shifting of the breed standard hip placement over the many generations; a steeper angled hip placement over a 90° posture. This can lead to arthritis and pain over time. Regular vet check-ups and maintaining a healthy weight can help manage and mitigate symptoms.

Elbow Dysplasia

Similar to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia is a condition where the elbow joint develops abnormally, leading to pain and mobility issues. This is another genetic concern that requires attention from a veterinarian; maintaining a healthy weight with regular activity is a good way to lower your pet’s risk of developing this issue.

Degenerative Myelopathy

Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive disease of the spinal cord, similar to ALS in humans. It typically appears in older dogs and can lead to hind limb weakness and eventual paralysis. While there is no cure, physical therapy and supportive care can improve the quality of life.

Allergies

Allergies, both environmental and food-related, are more common in German Shepherds than in some other breeds. Symptoms can include itching, ear infections, and gastrointestinal issues. Identifying and avoiding allergens, along with prescribed treatments, can help manage these conditions.

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)

EPI is a condition where the pancreas fails to produce enough digestive enzymes. This can lead to weight loss, diarrhea, and malnutrition. With enzyme replacement therapy and dietary management, dogs with EPI can lead healthy lives.

When it comes to health, being well-informed is your best defense. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and ample exercise can all contribute to a healthier, happier dog.

With the right care, your German Shepherd can continue to be your loyal companion for many years to come!